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Under Chinese law, every Chinese company—Hikvision, Huawei, ZTE, and hundreds more—must provide data to intelligence services when requested. No warrant required. No judicial review. No exceptions.
China represents the most significant and persistent foreign data collection threat to American agriculture and rural communities. This isn't speculation—it's documented in Chinese law, court cases, and government reports.
The foundation of this threat is China's National Intelligence Law, enacted in 2017. Article 7 of this law states that "all organizations and citizens shall support, assist, and cooperate with national intelligence efforts in accordance with law."
What does this mean in practice? If you're using a security camera made by Hikvision or Dahua, a phone with components from Chinese manufacturers, or network equipment from Huawei or ZTE, the Chinese government can legally compel those companies to provide access to your data.
"Under Chinese law, no Chinese company can refuse to hand over data to their intelligence services. If you're using their products, your data is accessible to Beijing."
The good news is that you can protect yourself. American and allied companies make security cameras, networking equipment, and sensors that keep your data secure. Throughout this section, we'll explain the threat in detail and show you exactly what to do about it.
Dive deeper into specific aspects of the Chinese data collection threat.
How Chinese law requires every company to share data with intelligence services—no exceptions, no appeals.
Communist Party committees inside Chinese companies, and what that means for data governance.
Documented cases of Chinese technology being used for surveillance, from Xinjiang to American cities.
FCC bans, entity lists, and rip-and-replace programs—how America is responding to the threat.
Chinese companies don't have the option to refuse intelligence requests. The law is mandatory.
The National Intelligence Law applies to Chinese companies operating anywhere in the world, including the US.
Major Chinese technology companies have Communist Party committees that can override corporate decisions.
American and allied companies make equivalent products. You don't have to choose between security and functionality.
Use our device lookup tool to see if any of your equipment is made by Chinese companies on the FCC's Covered List or Commerce Department's Entity List.